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</head>
<body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link="#71490e" vlink=blue style='tab-interval:
.5in'>
<div class="Section1">
<h1 style='background:#71490E'><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:white'>Federal
Rules of Evidence <o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div align=center>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 style='mso-cellspacing:1.5pt;mso-padding-alt:
0in 0in 0in 0in'>
<tr>
<td style='background:white;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p align=center style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:center'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>ARTICLE I. GENERAL
PROVISIONS<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#101">101</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#102">102</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#103">103</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#104">104</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#105">105</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#106">106</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='background:white;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p align=center style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:center'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>ARTICLE II.
JUDICIAL NOTICE<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#201">201</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='background:white;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p align=center style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:center'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>ARTICLE III.
PRESUMPTIONS IN CIVIL ACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#301">301</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#302">302</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='background:white;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p align=center style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:center'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>ARTICLE IV.
RELEVANCY AND ITS LIMITS<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#401">401</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#402">402</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#403">403</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#404">404</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#405">405</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#406">406</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#407">407</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#408">408</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#409">409</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#410">410</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#411">411</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#412">412</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#413">413</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#414">414</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#415">415</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='background:white;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p align=center style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:center'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>ARTICLE V.
PRIVILEGES<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#501">501</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='background:white;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p align=center style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:center'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>ARTICLE VI:
WITNESSES<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#601">601</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#602">602</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#603">603</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#604">604</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#605">605</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#606">606</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#607">607</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#608">608</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#609">609</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#610">610</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#611">611</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#612">612</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#613">613</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#614">614</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#615">615</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='background:white;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p align=center style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:center'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>ARTICLE VII.
OPINIONS AND EXPERT TESTIMONY<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#701">701</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#702">702</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#703">703</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#704">704</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#705">705</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#706">706</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='background:white;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p align=center style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:center'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>ARTICLE VIII.
HEARSAY<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#801">801</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#802">802</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#803">803</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#804">804</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#805">805</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#806">806</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#807">807</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='background:white;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p align=center style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:center'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>ARTICLE IX.
AUTHENTICATION AND IDENTIFICATION<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#901">901</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#902">902</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#903">903</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='background:white;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p align=center style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:center'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>ARTICLE X. CONTENTS
OF WRITINGS, RECORDINGS, AND PHOTOGRAPHS<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#1001">1001</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#1002">1002</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#1003">1003</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#1004">1004</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#1005">1005</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#1006">1006</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#1007">1007</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#1008">1008</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='background:white;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p align=center style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:center'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>ARTICLE XI:
MISCELLANEOUS RULES<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#1101">1101</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#1102">1102</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><a href="#1103">1103</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<h2 style='background:#DDDDFF'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>ARTICLE I.
GENERAL PROVISIONS<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style='border:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;padding:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt;
background:white'>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 101. Scope<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=101></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>These rules govern proceedings in the courts of
the United States and before United States bankruptcy judges and United States
magistrate judges, to the extent and with the exceptions stated in rule 1101. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 102. Purpose and Construction<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=102></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>These rules shall be construed to secure fairness
in administration, elimination of unjustifiable expense and delay, and
promotion of growth and development of the law of evidence to the end that the
truth may be ascertained and proceedings justly determined. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 103. Rulings on Evidence<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=103></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Once the court makes a definitive ruling on the
record admitting or excluding evidence, either at or before trial, a party need
not renew an objection or offer of proof to preserve a claim of error for
appeal. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><b>(a) Effect of erroneous ruling</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Error may not be predicated upon a ruling which admits or excludes evidence
unless a substantial right of the party is affected, and <br>
<i>(1) Objection</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
In case the ruling is one admitting evidence, a timely objection or motion to
strike appears of record, stating the specific ground of objection, if the
specific ground was not apparent from the context; or <br>
<i>(2) Offer of proof</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
In case the ruling is one excluding evidence, the substance of the evidence was
made known to the court by offer or was apparent from the context within which
questions were asked. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Once the court makes a definitive ruling on the record admitting or
excluding evidence, either at or before trial, a party need not renew an
objection or offer of proof to preserve a claim of error for appeal.<br>
<b>(b) Record of offer and ruling</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
The court may add any other or further statement which shows the character of
the evidence, the form in which it was offered, the objection made, and the
ruling thereon. It may direct the making of an offer in question and answer
form. <br>
<b>(c) Hearing of jury</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
In jury cases, proceedings shall be conducted, to the extent practicable, so as
to prevent inadmissible evidence from being suggested to the jury by any means,
such as making statements or offers of proof or asking questions in the hearing
of the jury. <br>
<b>(d) Plain error</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Nothing in this rule precludes taking notice of plain errors affecting
substantial rights although they were not brought to the attention of the
court. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 104. Preliminary Questions<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=104></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) Questions of admissibility generally</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Preliminary questions concerning the qualification of a person to be a witness,
the existence of a privilege, or the admissibility of evidence shall be
determined by the court, subject to the provisions of subdivision (b). In
making its determination it is not bound by the rules of evidence except those
with respect to privileges. <br>
<b>(b) Relevancy conditioned on fact</b></span><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>.<br>
When the relevancy of evidence depends upon the fulfillment of a condition of
fact, the court shall admit it upon, or subject to, the introduction of
evidence sufficient to support a finding of the fulfillment of the condition. <br>
<b>(c) Hearing of jury</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Hearings on the admissibility of confessions shall in all cases be conducted
out of the hearing of the jury. Hearings on other preliminary matters shall be
so conducted when the interests of justice require, or when an accused is a
witness and so requests. <br>
<b>(d) Testimony by accused</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
The accused does not, by testifying upon a preliminary matter, become subject
to cross-examination as to other issues in the case. <br>
<b>(e) Weight and credibility</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
This rule does not limit the right of a party to introduce before the jury
evidence relevant to weight or credibility. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 105. Limited Admissibility<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=105></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>When evidence which is admissible as to one party
or for one purpose but not admissible as to another party or for another
purpose is admitted, the court, upon request, shall restrict the evidence to
its proper scope and instruct the jury accordingly. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 106. Remainder of or Related Writings or Recorded Statements<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=106></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>When a writing or recorded statement or part
thereof is introduced by a party, an adverse party may require the introduction
at that time of any other part or any other writing or recorded statement which
ought in fairness to be considered contemporaneously with it. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style='background:#DDDDFF'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>ARTICLE II.
JUDICIAL NOTICE<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style='border:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;padding:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt;
background:white'>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 201. Judicial Notice of Adjudicative Facts<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=201></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) Scope of rule</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
This rule governs only judicial notice of adjudicative facts. <br>
<b>(b) Kinds of facts</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
A judicially noticed fact must be one not subject to reasonable dispute in that
it is either (1) generally known within the territorial jurisdiction of the
trial court or (2) capable of accurate and ready determination by resort to
sources whose accuracy cannot reasonably be questioned. <br>
<b>(c) When discretionary</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
A court may take judicial notice, whether requested or not. <br>
<b>(d) When mandatory</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
A court shall take judicial notice if requested by a party and supplied with
the necessary information. <br>
<b>(e) Opportunity to be heard</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
A party is entitled upon timely request to an opportunity to be heard as to the
propriety of taking judicial notice and the tenor of the matter noticed. In the
absence of prior notification, the request may be made after judicial notice
has been taken. <br>
<b>(f) Time of taking notice</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Judicial notice may be taken at any stage of the proceeding. <br>
<b>(g) Instructing jury</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
In a civil action or proceeding, the court shall instruct the jury to accept as
conclusive any fact judicially noticed. In a criminal case, the court shall
instruct the jury that it may, but is not required to, accept as conclusive any
fact judicially noticed. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style='background:#DDDDFF'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>ARTICLE III.
PRESUMPTIONS IN CIVIL ACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style='border:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;padding:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt;
background:white'>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 301. Presumptions in General Civil Actions and Proceedings<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=301></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>In all civil actions and proceedings not
otherwise provided for by Act of Congress or by these rules, a presumption
imposes on the party against whom it is directed the burden of going forward
with evidence to rebut or meet the presumption, but does not shift to such
party the burden of proof in the sense of the risk of nonpersuasion, which
remains throughout the trial upon the party on whom it was originally cast. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 302. Applicability of State Law in Civil Actions and
Proceedings<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=302></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>In civil actions and proceedings, the effect of a
presumption respecting a fact which is an element of a claim or defense as to
which State law supplies the rule of decision is determined in accordance with
State law. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style='background:#DDDDFF'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>ARTICLE IV.
RELEVANCY AND ITS LIMITS<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style='border:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;padding:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt;
background:white'>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 401. Definition of "Relevant Evidence"<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=401></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>"Relevant evidence" means evidence
having any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to
the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be
without the evidence. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 402. Relevant Evidence Generally Admissible; Irrelevant
Evidence Inadmissible<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=402></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>All relevant evidence is admissible, except as
otherwise provided by the Constitution of the United States, by Act of
Congress, by these rules, or by other rules prescribed by the Supreme Court
pursuant to statutory authority. Evidence which is not relevant is not
admissible. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 403. Exclusion of Relevant Evidence on Grounds of Prejudice,
Confusion, or Waste of Time<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=403></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Although relevant, evidence may be excluded if
its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair
prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the jury, or by
considerations of undue delay, waste of time, or needless presentation of
cumulative evidence. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 404. Character Evidence Not Admissible To Prove Conduct;
Exceptions; Other Crimes<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=404></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) Character evidence generally</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Evidence of a person's character or a trait of character is not admissible for
the purpose of proving action in conformity therewith on a particular occasion,
except: <br>
<i>(1) Character of accused</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
In a criminal case, evidence of a pertinent trait of character offered by an
accused, or by the prosecution to rebut the same, or if evidence of a trait of
character of the alleged victim of the crime is offered by an accused and
admitted under Rule 404 (a)(2), evidence of the same trait of character of the
accused offered by the prosecution; <br>
<i>(2) Character of alleged victim</i></span><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>.<br>
In a criminal case, and subject to the limitations imposed by Rule 412,
evidence of a pertinent trait of character of the alleged victim of the crime
offered by an accused, or by the prosecution to rebut the same, or evidence of
a character trait of peacefulness of the alleged victim offered by the
prosecution in a homicide case to rebut evidence that the alleged victim was
the first aggressor; <br>
<i>(3) Character of witness</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Evidence of the character of a witness, as provided in rules 607, 608, and 609.
<br>
<b>(b) Other crimes, wrongs, or acts</b></span><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>.<br>
Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the
character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith. It may, however,
be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent,
preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident,
provided that upon request by the accused, the prosecution in a criminal case
shall provide reasonable notice in advance of trial, or during trial if the
court excuses pretrial notice on good cause shown, of the general nature of any
such evidence it intends to introduce at trial. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 405. Methods of Proving Character<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=405></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) Reputation or opinion</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
In all cases in which evidence of character or a trait of character of a person
is admissible, proof may be made by testimony as to reputation or by testimony
in the form of an opinion. On cross-examination, inquiry is allowable into
relevant specific instances of conduct. <br>
<b>(b) Specific instances of conduct</b></span><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>.<br>
In cases in which character or a trait of character of a person is an essential
element of a charge, claim, or defense, proof may also be made of specific
instances of that person's conduct. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 406. Habit; Routine Practice<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=406></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Evidence of the habit of a person or of the
routine practice of an organization, whether corroborated or not and regardless
of the presence of eyewitnesses, is relevant to prove that the conduct of the
person or organization on a particular occasion was in conformity with the
habit or routine practice. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 407. Subsequent Remedial Measures<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=407></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>When, after an injury or harm allegedly caused by
an event, measures are taken that, if taken previously, would have made the
injury or harm less likely to occur, evidence of the subsequent measures is not
admissible to prove negligence, culpable conduct, a defect in a product, a
defect in a product's design, or a need for a warning or instruction.This rule
does not require the exclusion of evidence of subsequent measures when offered
for another purpose, such as proving ownership, control, or feasibility of
precautionary measures, if controverted, or impeachment. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 408. Compromise and Offers to Compromise<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=408></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) Prohibited uses</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Evidence of the following is not admissible on behalf of any party, when
offered to prove liability for, invalidity of, or amount of a claim that was
disputed as to validity or amount, or to impeach through a prior inconsistent
statement or contradiction: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><i>(1)</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> furnishing or
offering or promising to furnish or accepting or offering or promising to
accept a valuable consideration in compromising or attempting to compromise the
claim; and<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><i>(2)</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> conduct or
statements made in compromise negotiations regarding the claim, except when
offered in a criminal case and the negotiations related to a claim by a public
office or agency in the exercise of regulatory, investigative, or enforcement
authority.<br>
<b>(b) Permitted uses</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
This rule does not require exclusion if the evidence is offered for purposes
not prohibited by subdivision (a). Examples of permissible purposes include
proving a witness's bias or prejudice; negating a contention of undue delay;
and proving an effort to obstruct a criminal investigation or prosecution. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 409. Payment of Medical and Similar Expenses<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=409></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Evidence of furnishing or offering or promising
to pay medical, hospital, or similar expenses occasioned by an injury is not
admissible to prove liability for the injury. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 410. Inadmissibility of Pleas, Plea Discussions, and Related
Statements<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=410></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Except as otherwise provided in this rule,
evidence of the following is not, in any civil or criminal proceeding,
admissible against the defendant who made the plea or was a participant in the
plea discussions: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><i>(1)</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> a plea of
guilty which was later withdrawn; <br>
<i>(2) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>a plea of nolo
contendere; <br>
<i>(3) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>any statement made in the
course of any proceedings under Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Criminal
Procedure or comparable state procedure regarding either of the foregoing
pleas; or <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><i>(4)</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> any statement
made in the course of plea discussions with an attorney for the prosecuting
authority which do not result in a plea of guilty or which result in a plea of
guilty later withdrawn. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>However, such a statement is admissible (i) in any proceeding
wherein another statement made in the course of the same plea or plea
discussions has been introduced and the statement ought in fairness be
considered contemporaneously with it, or (ii) in a criminal proceeding for
perjury or false statement if the statement was made by the defendant under
oath, on the record and in the presence of counsel.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 411. Liability Insurance<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=411></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Evidence that a person was or was not insured
against liability is not admissible upon the issue whether the person acted
negligently or otherwise wrongfully. This rule does not require the exclusion
of evidence of insurance against liability when offered for another purpose,
such as proof of agency, ownership, or control, or bias or prejudice of a
witness. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 412. Sex Offense Cases; Relevance of Alleged Victim's Past
Sexual Behavior or Alleged Sexual Predisposition<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=412></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) Evidence generally inadmissible</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
The following evidence is not admissible in any civil or criminal proceeding
involving alleged sexual misconduct except as provided in subdivisions (b) and
(c): <br>
<i>(1) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> Evidence offered to
prove that any alleged victim engaged in other sexual behavior. <br>
<i>(2) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> Evidence offered to
prove any alleged victim's sexual predisposition. <br>
<b>(b) Exceptions</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
<i>(1) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> In a criminal case,
the following evidence is admissible, if otherwise admissible under these
rules: (A) evidence of specific instances of sexual behavior by the alleged
victim offered to prove that a person other than the accused was the source of
semen, injury, or other physical evidence; (B) evidence of specific instances
of sexual behavior by the alleged victim with respect to the person accused of
the sexual misconduct offered by the accused to prove consent or by the
prosecution; and (C) evidence the exclusion of which would violate the
constitutional rights of the defendant. <br>
<i>(2) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> In a civil case,
evidence offered to prove the sexual behavior or sexual predisposition of any
alleged victim is admissible if it is otherwise admissible under these rules
and its probative value substantially outweighs the danger of harm to any
victim and of unfair prejudice to any party. Evidence of an alleged victim's
reputation is admissible only if it has been placed in controversy by the
alleged victim. <br>
<b>(c) Procedure to determine admissibility</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
<i>(1) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> A party intending
to offer evidence under subdivision (b) must -- (A) file a written motion at
least 14 days before trial specifically describing the evidence and stating the
purpose for which it is offered unless the court, for good cause requires a
different time for filing or permits filing during trial; and (B) serve the
motion on all parties and notify the alleged victim or, when appropriate, the
alleged victim's guardian or representative. <br>
<i>(2) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> Before admitting
evidence under this rule the court must conduct a hearing in camera and afford
the victim and parties a right to attend and be heard. The motion, related
papers, and the record of the hearing must be sealed and remain under seal
unless the court orders otherwise. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 413. Evidence of Similar Crimes in Sexual Assault Cases<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=413></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) </b></span><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'> In a criminal case in which the defendant is accused of an offense
of sexual assault, evidence of the defendant's commission of another offense or
offenses of sexual assault is admissible, and may be considered for its bearing
on any matter to which it is relevant. <br>
<b>(b) </b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> In a case in which
the Government intends to offer evidence under this rule, the attorney for the
Government shall disclose the evidence to the defendant, including statements
of witnesses or a summary of the substance of any testimony that is expected to
be offered, at least fifteen days before the scheduled date of trial or at such
later time as the court may allow for good cause. <br>
<b>(c) </b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> This rule shall not
be construed to limit the admission or consideration of evidence under any
other rule. <br>
<b>(d) </b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> For purposes of
this rule and Rule 415, "offense of sexual assault" means a crime
under Federal law or the law of a State (as defined in section 513 of title 18,
United States Code) that involved-- <br>
<i>(1) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> any conduct
proscribed by chapter 109A of title 18, United States Code; <br>
<i>(2) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> contact, without
consent, between any part of the defendant's body or an object and the genitals
or anus of another person; <br>
<i>(3) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> contact, without
consent, between the genitals or anus of the defendant and any part of another
person's body; <br>
<i>(4) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> deriving sexual
pleasure or gratification from the infliction of death, bodily injury, or
physical pain on another person; or <br>
<i>(5) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> an attempt or
conspiracy to engage in conduct described in paragraphs (1)-(4). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 414. Evidence of Similar Crimes in Child Molestation Cases<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=414></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) </b></span><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'> In a criminal case in which the defendant is accused of an offense
of child molestation, evidence of the defendant's commission of another offense
or offenses of child molestation is admissible, and may be considered for its
bearing on any matter to which it is relevant. <br>
<b>(b) </b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> In a case in which
the Government intends to offer evidence under this rule, the attorney for the
Government shall disclose the evidence to the defendant, including statements
of witnesses or a summary of the substance of any testimony that is expected to
be offered, at least fifteen days before the scheduled date of trial or at such
later time as the court may allow for good cause. <br>
<b>(c)</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> This rule shall not be
construed to limit the admission or consideration of evidence under any other
rule. <br>
<b>(d) </b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> For purposes of
this rule and Rule 415, "child" means a person below the age of
fourteen, and "offense of child molestation" means a crime under
Federal law or the law of a State (as defined in section 513 of title 18,
United States Code) that involved-- <br>
<i>(1) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> any conduct
proscribed by chapter 109A of title 18, United States Code, that was committed
in relation to a child; <br>
<i>(2) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> any conduct
proscribed by chapter 110 of title 18, United States Code; <br>
<i>(3) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> contact between any
part of the defendant's body or an object and the genitals or anus of a child; <br>
<i>(4) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> contact between the
genitals or anus of the defendant and any part of the body of a child; <br>
<i>(5) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> deriving sexual
pleasure or gratification from the infliction of death, bodily injury, or
physical pain on a child; or <br>
<i>(6) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> an attempt or
conspiracy to engage in conduct described in paragraphs (1)-(5). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 415. Evidence of Similar Acts in Civil Cases Concerning Sexual
Assault or Child Molestation<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=415></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) </b></span><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'> In a civil case in which a claim for damages or other relief is
predicated on a party's alleged commission of conduct constituting an offense
of sexual assault or child molestation, evidence of that party's commission of
another offense or offenses of sexual assault or child molestation is
admissible and may be considered as provided in Rule 413 and Rule 414 of these
rules. <br>
<b>(b) </b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> A party who intends
to offer evidence under this Rule shall disclose the evidence to the party
against whom it will be offered, including statements of witnesses or a summary
of the substance of any testimony that is expected to be offered, at least
fifteen days before the scheduled date of trial or at such later time as the
court may allow for good cause. <br>
<b>(c) </b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> This rule shall not
be construed to limit the admission or consideration of evidence under any
other rule. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style='background:#DDDDFF'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>ARTICLE V.
PRIVILEGES<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style='border:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;padding:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt;
background:white'>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 501. General Rule<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=501></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Except as otherwise required by the Constitution
of the United States or provided by Act of Congress or in rules prescribed by
the Supreme Court pursuant to statutory authority, the privilege of a witness,
person, government, State, or political subdivision thereof shall be governed
by the principles of the common law as they may be interpreted by the courts of
the United States in the light of reason and experience. However, in civil
actions and proceedings, with respect to an element of a claim or defense as to
which State law supplies the rule of decision, the privilege of a witness,
person, government, State, or political subdivision thereof shall be determined
in accordance with State law. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style='background:#DDDDFF'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>ARTICLE VI:
WITNESSES<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style='border:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;padding:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt;
background:white'>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 601. General Rule of Competency<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=601></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Every person is competent to be a witness except
as otherwise provided in these rules. However, in civil actions and
proceedings, with respect to an element of a claim or defense as to which State
law supplies the rule of decision, the competency of a witness shall be
determined in accordance with State law. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 602. Lack of Personal Knowledge<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=602></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>A witness may not testify to a matter unless
evidence is introduced sufficient to support a finding that the witness has
personal knowledge of the matter. Evidence to prove personal knowledge may, but
need not, consist of the witness' own testimony. This rule is subject to the
provisions of rule 703, relating to opinion testimony by expert witnesses. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 603. Oath or Affirmation<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=603></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Before testifying, every witness shall be
required to declare that the witness will testify truthfully, by oath or
affirmation administered in a form calculated to awaken the witness' conscience
and impress the witness' mind with the duty to do so. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 604. Interpreters<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=604></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>An interpreter is subject to the provisions of
these rules relating to qualification as an expert and the administration of an
oath or affirmation to make a true translation. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 605. Competency of Judge as Witness<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=605></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>The judge presiding at the trial may not testify
in that trial as a witness. No objection need be made in order to preserve the
point. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 606. Competency of Juror as Witness<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=606></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) At the trial</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
A member of the jury may not testify as a witness before that jury in the trial
of the case in which the juror is sitting. If the juror is called so to
testify, the opposing party shall be afforded an opportunity to object out of
the presence of the jury. <br>
<b>(b) Inquiry into validity of verdict or indictment</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Upon an inquiry into the validity of a verdict or indictment, a juror may not
testify as to any matter or statement occurring during the course of the jury's
deliberations or to the effect of anything upon that or any other juror's mind
or emotions as influencing the juror to assent to or dissent from the verdict
or indictment or concerning the juror's mental processes in connection
therewith. But a juror may testify about (1) whether extraneous prejudicial
information was improperly brought to the jury's attention, (2) whether any
outside influence was improperly brought to bear upon any juror, or (3) whether
there was a mistake in entering the verdict onto the verdict form. A juror's
affidavit or evidence of any statement by the juror may not be received on a
matter about which the juror would be precluded from testifying. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 607. Who May Impeach<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=607></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>The credibility of a witness may be attacked by
any party, including the party calling the witness. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 608. Evidence of Character and Conduct of Witness<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=608></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) Opinion and reputation evidence of
character</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
The credibility of a witness may be attacked or supported by evidence in the
form of opinion or reputation, but subject to these limitations: (1) the
evidence may refer only to character for truthfulness or untruthfulness, and
(2) evidence of truthful character is admissible only after the character of
the witness for truthfulness has been attacked by opinion or reputation
evidence or otherwise. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><b>(b) Specific instances of conduct</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Specific instances of the conduct of a witness, for the purpose of attacking or
supporting the witness' character for truthfulness, other than conviction of
crime as provided in rule 609, may not be proved by extrinsic evidence. They
may, however, in the discretion of the court, if probative of truthfulness or
untruthfulness, be inquired into on cross-examination of the witness (1)
concerning the witness' character for truthfulness or untruthfulness, or (2)
concerning the character for truthfulness or untruthfulness of another witness
as to which character the witness being cross-examined has testified. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>The giving of testimony, whether by an accused or by any other
witness, does not operate as a waiver of the accused's or the witness'
privilege against self-incrimination when examined with respect to matters that
relate only to character for truthfulness.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 609. Impeachment by Evidence of Conviction of Crime<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=609></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) General rule</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
For the purpose of attacking the character for truthfulness of a witness, <br>
<i>(1) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> evidence that a
witness other than an accused has been convicted of a crime shall be admitted, subject
to Rule 403, if the crime was punishable by death or imprisonment in excess of
one year under the law under which the witness was convicted, and evidence that
an accused has been convicted of such a crime shall be admitted if the court
determines that the probative value of admitting this evidence outweighs its
prejudicial effect to the accused; and <br>
<i>(2) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>evidence that any
witness has been convicted of a crime shall be admitted regardless of the
punishment, if it readily can be determined that establishing the elements of
the crime required proof or admission of an act of dishonesty or false
statement by the witness. <br>
<b>(b) Time limit</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Evidence of a conviction under this rule is not admissible if a period of more
than ten years has elapsed since the date of the conviction or of the release
of the witness from the confinement imposed for that conviction, whichever is
the later date, unless the court determines, in the interests of justice, that
the probative value of the conviction supported by specific facts and
circumstances substantially outweighs its prejudicial effect. However, evidence
of a conviction more than 10 years old as calculated herein, is not admissible
unless the proponent gives to the adverse party sufficient advance written
notice of intent to use such evidence to provide the adverse party with a fair
opportunity to contest the use of such evidence. <br>
<b>(c) Effect of pardon, annulment, or certificate of rehabilitation</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Evidence of a conviction is not admissible under this rule if (1) the conviction
has been the subject of a pardon, annulment, certificate of rehabilitation, or
other equivalent procedure based on a finding of the rehabilitation of the
person convicted, and that person has not been convicted of a subsequent crime
which was punishable by death or imprisonment in excess of one year, or (2) the
conviction has been the subject of a pardon, annulment, or other equivalent
procedure based on a finding of innocence. <br>
<b>(d) Juvenile adjudications</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Evidence of juvenile adjudications is generally not admissible under this rule.
The court may, however, in a criminal case allow evidence of a juvenile
adjudication of a witness other than the accused if conviction of the offense
would be admissible to attack the credibility of an adult and the court is
satisfied that admission in evidence is necessary for a fair determination of
the issue of guilt or innocence. <br>
<b>(e) Pendency of appeal</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
The pendency of an appeal therefrom does not render evidence of a conviction
inadmissible. Evidence of the pendency of an appeal is admissible. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 610. Religious Beliefs or Opinions<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=610></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Evidence of the beliefs or opinions of a witness
on matters of religion is not admissible for the purpose of showing that by
reason of their nature the witness' credibility is impaired or enhanced. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 611. Mode and Order of Interrogation and Presentation<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=611></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) Control by court</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
The court shall exercise reasonable control over the mode and order of
interrogating witnesses and presenting evidence so as to (1) make the
interrogation and presentation effective for the ascertainment of the truth,
(2) avoid needless consumption of time, and (3) protect witnesses from
harassment or undue embarrassment. <br>
<b>(b) Scope of cross-examination</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Cross-examination should be limited to the subject matter of the direct
examination and matters affecting the credibility of the witness. The court
may, in the exercise of discretion, permit inquiry into additional matters as
if on direct examination. <br>
<b>(c) Leading questions</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Leading questions should not be used on the direct examination of a witness
except as may be necessary to develop the witness' testimony. Ordinarily
leading questions should be permitted on cross-examination. When a party calls
a hostile witness, an adverse party, or a witness identified with an adverse
party, interrogation may be by leading questions. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 612. Writing Used to Refresh Memory<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=612></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Except as otherwise provided in criminal
proceedings by section 3500 of title 18, United States Code, if a witness uses
a writing to refresh memory for the purpose of testifying, either --<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><i>(1) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> while
testifying, or <br>
<i>(2) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> before testifying,
if the court in its discretion determines it is necessary in the interests of
justice,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>an adverse party is entitled to have the writing produced at the
hearing, to inspect it, to cross-examine the witness thereon, and to introduce
in evidence those portions which relate to the testimony of the witness. If it
is claimed that the writing contains matters not related to the subject matter
of the testimony the court shall examine the writing in camera, excise any
portions not so related, and order delivery of the remainder to the party
entitled thereto. Any portion withheld over objections shall be preserved and
made available to the appellate court in the event of an appeal. If a writing
is not produced or delivered pursuant to order under this rule, the court shall
make any order justice requires, except that in criminal cases when the
prosecution elects not to comply, the order shall be one striking the testimony
or, if the court in its discretion determines that the interests of justice so
require, declaring a mistrial. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 613. Prior Statements of Witnesses<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=613></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) Examining witness concerning prior
statement</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
In examining a witness concerning a prior statement made by the witness,
whether written or not, the statement need not be shown nor its contents
disclosed to the witness at that time, but on request the same shall be shown
or disclosed to opposing counsel. <br>
<b>(b) Extrinsic evidence of prior inconsistent statement of witness</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Extrinsic evidence of a prior inconsistent statement by a witness is not
admissible unless the witness is afforded an opportunity to explain or deny the
same and the opposite party is afforded an opportunity to interrogate the
witness thereon, or the interests of justice otherwise require. This provision
does not apply to admissions of a party-opponent as defined in rule 801(d)(2). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 614. Calling and Interrogation of Witnesses by Court<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=614></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) Calling by court</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
The court may, on its own motion or at the suggestion of a party, call
witnesses, and all parties are entitled to cross-examine witnesses thus called.
<br>
<b>(b) Interrogation by court</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
The court may interrogate witnesses, whether called by itself or by a party. <br>
<b>(c) Objections</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Objections to the calling of witnesses by the court or to interrogation by it
may be made at the time or at the next available opportunity when the jury is
not present. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 615. Exclusion of Witnesses<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=615></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>At the request of a party the court shall order
witnesses excluded so that they cannot hear the testimony of other witnesses,
and it may make the order of its own motion. This rule does not authorize
exclusion of (1) a party who is a natural person, or (2) an officer or employee
of a party which is not a natural person designated as its representative by
its attorney, or (3) a person whose presence is shown by a party to be
essential to the presentation of the party's cause, or (4) a person authorized
by statute to be present. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style='background:#DDDDFF'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>ARTICLE VII.
OPINIONS AND EXPERT TESTIMONY<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style='border:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;padding:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt;
background:white'>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 701. Opinion Testimony by Lay Witnesses<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=701></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>If the witness is not testifying as an expert,
the witness' testimony in the form of opinions or inferences is limited to
those opinions or inferences which are (a) rationally based on the perception
of the witness, and (b) helpful to a clear understanding of the witness'
testimony or the determination of a fact in issue, and (c) not based on
scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge within the scope of Rule
702. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 702. Testimony by Experts<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=702></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>If scientific, technical, or other specialized
knowledge will assist the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to
determine a fact in issue, a witness qualified as an expert by knowledge,
skill, experience, training, or education, may testify thereto in the form of
an opinion or otherwise, if (1) the testimony is based upon sufficient facts or
data, (2) the testimony is the product of reliable principles and methods, and
(3) the witness has applied the principles and methods reliably to the facts of
the case. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 703. Bases of Opinion Testimony by Experts<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=703></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>The facts or data in the particular case upon
which an expert bases an opinion or inference may be those perceived by or made
known to the expert at or before the hearing. If of a type reasonably relied
upon by experts in the particular field in forming opinions or inferences upon
the subject, the facts or data need not be admissible in evidence in order for
the opinion or inference to be admitted. Facts or data that are otherwise
inadmissible shall not be disclosed to the jury by the proponent of the opinion
or inference unless the court determines that their probative value in
assisting the jury to evaluate the expert's opinion substantially outweighs
their prejudicial effect. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 704. Opinion on Ultimate Issue<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=704></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) </b></span><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Except as provided in subdivision (b), testimony in the form of an
opinion or inference otherwise admissible is not objectionable because it
embraces an ultimate issue to be decided by the trier of fact. <br>
<b>(b) </b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>No expert witness
testifying with respect to the mental state or condition of a defendant in a
criminal case may state an opinion or inference as to whether the defendant did
or did not have the mental state or condition constituting an element of the
crime charged or of a defense thereto. Such ultimate issues are matters for the
trier of fact alone. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 705. Disclosure of Facts or Data Underlying Expert Opinion<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=705></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>The expert may testify in terms of opinion or
inference and give reasons therefor without first testifying to the underlying
facts or data, unless the court requires otherwise. The expert may in any event
be required to disclose the underlying facts or data on cross-examination. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 706. Court Appointed Experts<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=706></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) Appointment</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
The court may on its own motion or on the motion of any party enter an order to
show cause why expert witnesses should not be appointed, and may request the
parties to submit nominations. The court may appoint any expert witnesses
agreed upon by the parties, and may appoint expert witnesses of its own
selection. An expert witness shall not be appointed by the court unless the
witness consents to act. A witness so appointed shall be informed of the
witness' duties by the court in writing, a copy of which shall be filed with
the clerk, or at a conference in which the parties shall have opportunity to
participate. A witness so appointed shall advise the parties of the witness'
findings, if any; the witness' deposition may be taken by any party; and the
witness may be called to testify by the court or any party. The witness shall
be subject to cross-examination by each party, including a party calling the
witness. <br>
<b>(b) Compensation</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Expert witnesses so appointed are entitled to reasonable compensation in
whatever sum the court may allow. The compensation thus fixed is payable from
funds which may be provided by law in criminal cases and civil actions and
proceedings involving just compensation under the fifth amendment. In other
civil actions and proceedings the compensation shall be paid by the parties in
such proportion and at such time as the court directs, and thereafter charged
in like manner as other costs. <br>
<b>(c) Disclosure of appointment</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
In the exercise of its discretion, the court may authorize disclosure to the
jury of the fact that the court appointed the expert witness. <br>
<b>(d) Parties' experts of own selection</b></span><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>.<br>
Nothing in this rule limits the parties in calling expert witnesses of their
own selection. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style='background:#DDDDFF'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>ARTICLE
VIII. HEARSAY<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style='border:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;padding:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt;
background:white'>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 801. Definitions<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=801></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>The following definitions apply under this
article: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><b>(a) Statement</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
A "statement" is (1) an oral or written assertion or (2) nonverbal
conduct of a person, if it is intended by the person as an assertion. <br>
<b>(b) Declarant</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
A "declarant" is a person who makes a statement. <br>
<b>(c) Hearsay</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
"Hearsay" is a statement, other than one made by the declarant while
testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of
the matter asserted. <br>
<b>(d) Statements which are not hearsay</b></span><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>.<br>
A statement is not hearsay if-- <br>
<i>(1) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> <i>Prior statement
by witness.</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>The declarant testifies at the trial or hearing and is subject to
cross-examination concerning the statement, and the statement is (A)
inconsistent with the declarant's testimony, and was given under oath subject
to the penalty of perjury at a trial, hearing, or other proceeding, or in a
deposition, or (B) consistent with the declarant's testimony and is offered to
rebut an express or implied charge against the declarant of recent fabrication
or improper influence or motive, or (C) one of identification of a person made
after perceiving the person; or<br>
<i>(2) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> <i>Admission by
party-opponent.</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>The statement is offered against a party and is (A) the party's own
statement, in either an individual or a representative capacity or (B) a
statement of which the party has manifested an adoption or belief in its truth,
or (C) a statement by a person authorized by the party to make a statement
concerning the subject, or (D) a statement by the party's agent or servant
concerning a matter within the scope of the agency or employment, made during
the existence of the relationship, or (E) a statement by a coconspirator of a
party during the course and in furtherance of the conspiracy. The contents of
the statement shall be considered but are not alone sufficient to establish the
declarant's authority under subdivision (C), the agency or employment
relationship and scope thereof under subdivision (D), or the existence of the
conspiracy and the participation therein of the declarant and the party against
whom the statement is offered under subdivision (E). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 802. Hearsay Rule<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=802></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Hearsay is not admissible except as provided by
these rules or by other rules prescribed by the Supreme Court pursuant to
statutory authority or by Act of Congress. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 803. Hearsay Exceptions; Availability of Declarant Immaterial<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=803></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>The following are not excluded by the hearsay
rule, even though the declarant is available as a witness: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><i>(1) Present sense impression.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>A statement describing or explaining an event or condition made
while the declarant was perceiving the event or condition, or immediately
thereafter. <br>
<i>(2) Excited utterance.</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>A statement relating to a startling event or condition made while
the declarant was under the stress of excitement caused by the event or
condition. <br>
<i>(3) Then existing mental, emotional, or physical condition.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>A statement of the declarant's then existing state of mind, emotion,
sensation, or physical condition (such as intent, plan, motive, design, mental
feeling, pain, and bodily health), but not including a statement of memory or
belief to prove the fact remembered or believed unless it relates to the
execution, revocation, identification, or terms of declarant's will. <br>
<i>(4) Statements for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Statements made for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment and
describing medical history, or past or present symptoms, pain, or sensations,
or the inception or general character of the cause or external source thereof
insofar as reasonably pertinent to diagnosis or treatment. <br>
<i>(5) Recorded recollection.</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>A memorandum or record concerning a matter about which a witness
once had knowledge but now has insufficient recollection to enable the witness to
testify fully and accurately, shown to have been made or adopted by the witness
when the matter was fresh in the witness' memory and to reflect that knowledge
correctly. If admitted, the memorandum or record may be read into evidence but
may not itself be received as an exhibit unless offered by an adverse party. <br>
<i>(6) Records of regularly conducted activity.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>A memorandum, report, record, or data compilation, in any form, of acts, events, conditions, opinions, or diagnoses, made at or near the time by, or from information transmitted by, a person with knowledge, if kept in the course of a regularly conducted business activity, and if it was the regular practice of that business activity to make the memorandum, report, record or data compilation, all as shown by the testimony of the custodian or other qualified witness, or by certification that complies with Rule 902(11), Rule 902(12), or a statute permitting certification, unless the source of information or the method or circumstances of preparation indicate lack of trustworthiness. The term "business" as used in this paragraph includes business, institution, association, profession, occupation, and calling of every kind, whether or not conducted for profit.<br>
<i>(7) Absence of entry in records kept in accordance with the provisions of
paragraph (6).</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Evidence that a matter is not included in the memoranda reports,
records, or data compilations, in any form, kept in accordance with the
provisions of paragraph (6), to prove the nonoccurrence or nonexistence of the
matter, if the matter was of a kind of which a memorandum, report, record, or
data compilation was regularly made and preserved, unless the sources of
information or other circumstances indicate lack of trustworthiness. <br>
<i>(8) Public records and reports.</i></span><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Records, reports, statements, or data compilations, in any form, of
public offices or agencies, setting forth (A) the activities of the office or
agency, or (B) matters observed pursuant to duty imposed by law as to which
matters there was a duty to report, excluding, however, in criminal cases
matters observed by police officers and other law enforcement personnel, or (C)
in civil actions and proceedings and against the Government in criminal cases,
factual findings resulting from an investigation made pursuant to authority
granted by law, unless the sources of information or other circumstances
indicate lack of trustworthiness. <br>
<i>(9) Records of vital statistics.</i></span><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Records or data compilations, in any form, of births, fetal deaths,
deaths, or marriages, if the report thereof was made to a public office
pursuant to requirements of law. <br>
<i>(10) Absence of public record or entry.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>To prove the absence of a record, report, statement, or data
compilation, in any form, or the nonoccurrence or nonexistence of a matter of
which a record, report, statement, or data compilation, in any form, was
regularly made and preserved by a public office or agency, evidence in the form
of a certification in accordance with rule 902, or testimony, that diligent
search failed to disclose the record, report, statement, or data compilation,
or entry. <br>
<i>(11) Records of religious organizations.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Statements of births, marriages, divorces, deaths, legitimacy,
ancestry, relationship by blood or marriage, or other similar facts of personal
or family history, contained in a regularly kept record of a religious
organization. <br>
<i>(12) Marriage, baptismal, and similar certificates.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Statements of fact contained in a certificate that the maker
performed a marriage or other ceremony or administered a sacrament, made by a
clergyman, public official, or other person authorized by the rules or
practices of a religious organization or by law to perform the act certified,
and purporting to have been issued at the time of the act or within a
reasonable time thereafter. <br>
<i>(13) Family records.</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Statements of fact concerning personal or family history contained
in family Bibles, genealogies, charts, engravings on rings, inscriptions on
family portraits, engravings on urns, crypts, or tombstones, or the like. <br>
<i>(14) Records of documents affecting an interest in property.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>The record of a document purporting to establish or affect an
interest in property, as proof of the content of the original recorded document
and its execution and delivery by each person by whom it purports to have been
executed, if the record is a record of a public office and an applicable
statute authorizes the recording of documents of that kind in that office. <br>
<i>(15) Statements in documents affecting an interest in property. <o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>A statement contained in a document purporting to establish or
affect an interest in property if the matter stated was relevant to the purpose
of the document, unless dealings with the property since the document was made
have been inconsistent with the truth of the statement or the purport of the
document. <br>
<i>(16) Statements in ancient documents.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Statements in a document in existence twenty years or more the
authenticity of which is established. <br>
<i>(17) Market reports, commercial publications.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Market quotations, tabulations, lists, directories, or other
published compilations, generally used and relied upon by the public or by
persons in particular occupations. <br>
<i>(18) Learned treatises.</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>To the extent called to the attention of an expert witness upon
cross-examination or relied upon by the expert witness in direct examination, statements
contained in published treatises, periodicals, or pamphlets on a subject of
history, medicine, or other science or art, established as a reliable authority
by the testimony or admission of the witness or by other expert testimony or by
judicial notice. If admitted, the statements may be read into evidence but may
not be received as exhibits. <br>
<i>(19) Reputation concerning personal or family history.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Reputation among members of a person's family by blood, adoption, or
marriage, or among a person's associates, or in the community, concerning a
person's birth, adoption, marriage, divorce, death, legitimacy, relationship by
blood, adoption, or marriage, ancestry, or other similar fact of personal or
family history. <br>
<i>(20) Reputation concerning boundaries or general history.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Reputation in a community, arising before the controversy, as to
boundaries of or customs affecting lands in the community, and reputation as to
events of general history important to the community or State or nation in
which located. <br>
<i>(21) Reputation as to character.</i></span><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Reputation of a person's character among associates or in the
community. <br>
<i>(22) Judgment of previous conviction.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Evidence of a final judgment, entered after a trial or upon a plea
of guilty (but not upon a plea of nolo contendere), adjudging a person guilty
of a crime punishable by death or imprisonment in excess of one year, to prove
any fact essential to sustain the judgment, but not including, when offered by
the Government in a criminal prosecution for purposes other than impeachment,
judgments against persons other than the accused. The pendency of an appeal may
be shown but does not affect admissibility. <br>
<i>(23) Judgment as to personal, family or general history, or
boundaries.</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Judgments as proof of matters of personal, family or general
history, or boundaries, essential to the judgment, if the same would be
provable by evidence of reputation. <br>
<i>(24) [Other exceptions.] </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>[Transferred
to Rule 807] <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 804. Hearsay Exceptions; Declarant Unavailable<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=804></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) Definition of unavailability</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
"Unavailability as a witness" includes situations in which the
declarant --<br>
<i>(1) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> is exempted by
ruling of the court on the ground of privilege from testifying concerning the
subject matter of the declarant's statement; or <br>
<i>(2) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> persists in
refusing to testify concerning the subject matter of the declarant's statement
despite an order of the court to do so; or <br>
<i>(3) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> testifies to a lack
of memory of the subject matter of the declarant's statement; or <br>
<i>(4) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> is unable to be
present or to testify at the hearing because of death or then existing physical
or mental illness or infirmity; or <br>
<i>(5) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> is absent from the
hearing and the proponent of a statement has been unable to procure the
declarant's attendance (or in the case of a hearsay exception under subdivision
(b)(2), (3), or (4), the declarant's attendance or testimony) by process or
other reasonable means. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>A declarant is not unavailable as a witness if exemption, refusal,
claim of lack of memory, inability, or absence is due to the procurement or
wrongdoing of the proponent of a statement for the purpose of preventing the
witness from attending or testifying.<br>
<b>(b) Hearsay exceptions</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
The following are not excluded by the hearsay rule if the declarant is
unavailable as a witness: <br>
<i>(1) Former testimony</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
testimony given as a witness at another hearing of the same or a different
proceeding, or in a deposition taken in compliance with law in the course of
the same or another proceeding, if the party against whom the testimony is now
offered, or, in a civil action or proceeding, a predecessor in interest, had an
opportunity and similar motive to develop the testimony by direct, cross, or
redirect examination. <br>
<i>(2) Statement under belief of impending death</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
In a prosecution for homicide or in a civil action or proceeding, a statement
made by a declarant while believing that the declarant's death was imminent,
concerning the cause or circumstances of what the declarant believed to be
impending death. <br>
<i>(3) Statement against interest</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
A statement which was at the time of its making so far contrary to the
declarant's pecuniary or proprietary interest, or so far tended to subject the
declarant to civil or criminal liability, or to render invalid a claim by the
declarant against another, that a reasonable person in the declarant's position
would not have made the statement unless believing it to be true. A statement
tending to expose the declarant to criminal liability and offered to exculpate
the accused is not admissible unless corroborating circumstances clearly
indicate the trustworthiness of the statement. <br>
<i>(4) Statement of personal or family history</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
(A) A statement concerning the declarant's own birth, adoption, marriage,
divorce, legitimacy, relationship by blood, adoption, or marriage, ancestry, or
other similar fact of personal or family history, even though declarant had no
means of acquiring personal knowledge of the matter stated; or (B) a statement
concerning the foregoing matters, and death also, of another person, if the
declarant was related to the other by blood, adoption, or marriage or was so
intimately associated with the other's family as to be likely to have accurate
information concerning the matter declared. <br>
<i>(5) </i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> <i>[Other
exceptions.]</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'> [Transferred to
Rule 807] <br>
<i>(6) Forfeiture by wrongdoing</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
A statement offered against a party that has engaged or acquiesced in
wrongdoing that was intended to, and did, procure the unavailability of the
declarant as a witness. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 805. Hearsay Within Hearsay<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=805></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Hearsay included within hearsay is not excluded
under the hearsay rule if each part of the combined statements conforms with an
exception to the hearsay rule provided in these rules. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 806. Attacking and Supporting Credibility of Declarant<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=806></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>When a hearsay statement, or a statement defined
in Rule 801(d)(2)(C), (D), or (E), has been admitted in evidence, the
credibility of the declarant may be attacked, and if attacked may be supported,
by any evidence which would be admissible for those purposes if declarant had
testified as a witness. Evidence of a statement or conduct by the declarant at
any time, inconsistent with the declarant's hearsay statement, is not subject
to any requirement that the declarant may have been afforded an opportunity to
deny or explain. If the party against whom a hearsay statement has been
admitted calls the declarant as a witness, the party is entitled to examine the
declarant on the statement as if under cross-examination. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 807. Residual Exception<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=807></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>A statement not specifically covered by Rule 803
or 804 but having equivalent circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness, is
not excluded by the hearsay rule, if the court determines that (A) the
statement is offered as evidence of a material fact; (B) the statement is more
probative on the point for which it is offered than any other evidence which
the proponent can procure through reasonable efforts; and (C) the general
purposes of these rules and the interests of justice will best be served by
admission of the statement into evidence. However, a statement may not be admitted
under this exception unless the proponent of it makes known to the adverse
party sufficiently in advance of the trial or hearing to provide the adverse
party with a fair opportunity to prepare to meet it, the proponent's intention
to offer the statement and the particulars of it, including the name and
address of the declarant. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style='background:#DDDDFF'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>ARTICLE IX.
AUTHENTICATION AND IDENTIFICATION<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style='border:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;padding:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt;
background:white'>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 901. Requirement of Authentication or Identification<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=901></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) General provision</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
The requirement of authentication or identification as a condition precedent to
admissibility is satisfied by evidence sufficient to support a finding that the
matter in question is what its proponent claims. <br>
<b>(b) Illustrations</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
By way of illustration only, and not by way of limitation, the following are examples
of authentication or identification conforming with the requirements of this
rule: <br>
<i>(1) Testimony of witness with knowledge</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Testimony that a matter is what it is claimed to be. <br>
<i>(2) Nonexpert opinion on handwriting</i></span><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>.<br>
Nonexpert opinion as to the genuineness of handwriting, based upon familiarity
not acquired for purposes of the litigation. <br>
<i>(3) Comparison by trier or expert witness</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Comparison by the trier of fact or by expert witnesses with specimens which
have been authenticated. <br>
<i>(4) Distinctive characteristics and the like</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Appearance, contents, substance, internal patterns, or other distinctive
characteristics, taken in conjunction with circumstances. <br>
<i>(5) Voice identification</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Identification of a voice, whether heard firsthand or through mechanical or
electronic transmission or recording, by opinion based upon hearing the voice
at any time under circumstances connecting it with the alleged speaker. <br>
<i>(6) Telephone conversations</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Telephone conversations, by evidence that a call was made to the number
assigned at the time by the telephone company to a particular person or
business, if (A) in the case of a person, circumstances, including
self-identification, show the person answering to be the one called, or (B) in
the case of a business, the call was made to a place of business and the
conversation related to business reasonably transacted over the telephone. <br>
<i>(7) Public records or reports</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Evidence that a writing authorized by law to be recorded or filed and in fact
recorded or filed in a public office, or a purported public record, report,
statement, or data compilation, in any form, is from the public office where
items of this nature are kept. <br>
<i>(8) Ancient documents or data compilation</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Evidence that a document or data compilation, in any form, (A) is in such
condition as to create no suspicion concerning its authenticity, (B) was in a
place where it, if authentic, would likely be, and (C) has been in existence 20
years or more at the time it is offered. <br>
<i>(9) Process or system</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Evidence describing a process or system used to produce a result and showing
that the process or system produces an accurate result. <br>
<i>(10) Methods provided by statute or rule</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Any method of authentication or identification provided by Act of Congress or
by other rules prescribed by the Supreme Court pursuant to statutory authority.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 902. Self-authentication<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=902></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Extrinsic evidence of authenticity as a condition
precedent to admissibility is not required with respect to the following: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><i>(1) Domestic public documents under seal.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
A document bearing a seal purporting to be that of the United States, or of any
State, district, Commonwealth, territory, or insular possession thereof, or the
Panama Canal Zone, or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, or of a
political subdivision, department, officer, or agency thereof, and a signature
purporting to be an attestation or execution. <br>
<i>(2) Domestic public documents not under seal.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
A document purporting to bear the signature in the official capacity of an
officer or employee of any entity included in paragraph (1) hereof, having no
seal, if a public officer having a seal and having official duties in the
district or political subdivision of the officer or employee certifies under
seal that the signer has the official capacity and that the signature is
genuine. <br>
<i>(3) Foreign public documents.</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
A document purporting to be executed or attested in an official capacity by a
person authorized by the laws of a foreign country to make the execution or
attestation, and accompanied by a final certification as to the genuineness of
the signature and official position (A) of the executing or attesting person,
or (B) of any foreign official whose certificate of genuineness of signature
and official position relates to the execution or attestation or is in a chain
of certificates of genuineness of signature and official position relating to
the execution or attestation. A final certification may be made by a secretary
of an embassy or legation, consul general, consul, vice consul, or consular
agent of the United States, or a diplomatic or consular official of the foreign
country assigned or accredited to the United States. If reasonable opportunity
has been given to all parties to investigate the authenticity and accuracy of
official documents, the court may, for good cause shown, order that they be
treated as presumptively authentic without final certification or permit them
to be evidenced by an attested summary with or without final certification. <br>
<i>(4) Certified copies of public records.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
A copy of an official record or report or entry therein, or of a document
authorized by law to be recorded or filed and actually recorded or filed in a
public office, including data compilations in any form, certified as correct by
the custodian or other person authorized to make the certification, by
certificate complying with paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of this rule or complying
with any Act of Congress or rule prescribed by the Supreme Court pursuant to
statutory authority. <br>
<i>(5) Official publications.</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
Books, pamphlets, or other publications purporting to be issued by public
authority. <br>
<i>(6) Newspapers and periodicals.</i></span><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><br>
Printed materials purporting to be newspapers or periodicals. <br>
<i>(7) Trade inscriptions and the like.</i></span><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><br>
Inscriptions, signs, tags, or labels purporting to have been affixed in the
course of business and indicating ownership, control, or origin. <br>
<i>(8) Acknowledged documents.</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
Documents accompanied by a certificate of acknowledgment executed in the manner
provided by law by a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take
acknowledgments. <br>
<i>(9) Commercial paper and related documents.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
Commercial paper, signatures thereon, and documents relating thereto to the
extent provided by general commercial law. <br>
<i>(10) Presumptions under Acts of Congress.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
Any signature, document, or other matter declared by Act of Congress to be
presumptively or prima facie genuine or authentic. <br>
<i>(11) Certified domestic records of regularly conducted activity.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
The original or a duplicate of a domestic record of regularly conducted
activity that would be admissible under Rule 803(6) if accompanied by a written
declaration of its custodian or other qualified person, in a manner complying
with any Act of Congress or rule prescribed by the Supreme Court pursuant to
statutory authority, certifying that the record: <br>
(A) was made at or near the time of the occurrence of the matters set
forth by, or from information transmitted by, a person with knowledge of those
matters; <br>
(B) was kept in the course of the regularly conducted activity; and <br>
(C) was made by the regularly conducted activity as a regular practice. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>A party intending to offer a record into evidence under this
paragraph must provide written notice of that intention to all adverse parties,
and must make the record and declaration available for inspection sufficiently
in advance of their offer into evidence to provide an adverse party with a fair
opportunity to challenge them.<br>
<i>(12) Certified foreign records of regularly conducted activity.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
In a civil case, the original or a duplicate of a foreign record of regularly
conducted activity that would be admissible under Rule 803(6) if accompanied by
a written declaration by its custodian or other qualified person certifying
that the record: <br>
(A) was made at or near the time of the occurrence of the matters set
forth by, or from information transmitted by, a person with knowledge of those
matters; <br>
(B) was kept in the course of the regularly conducted activity; and <br>
(C) was made by the regularly conducted activity as a regular practice. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>The declaration must be signed in a manner that, if falsely made,
would subject the maker to criminal penalty under the laws of the country where
the declaration is signed. A party intending to offer a record into evidence
under this paragraph must provide written notice of that intention to all
adverse parties, and must make the record and declaration available for
inspection sufficiently in advance of their offer into evidence to provide an
adverse party with a fair opportunity to challenge them.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 903. Subscribing Witness' Testimony Unnecessary<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=903></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>The testimony of a subscribing witness is not
necessary to authenticate a writing unless required by the laws of the
jurisdiction whose laws govern the validity of the writing. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style='background:#DDDDFF'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>ARTICLE X.
CONTENTS OF WRITINGS, RECORDINGS, AND PHOTOGRAPHS<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style='border:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;padding:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt;
background:white'>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 1001. Definitions<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=1001></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>For purposes of this article the following
definitions are applicable: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><i>(1) Writings and recordings.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
"Writings" and "recordings" consist of letters, words, or numbers,
or their equivalent, set down by handwriting, typewriting, printing,
photostating, photographing, magnetic impulse, mechanical or electronic
recording, or other form of data compilation. <br>
<i>(2) Photographs.</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
"Photographs" include still photographs, X-ray films, video tapes,
and motion pictures. <br>
<i>(3) Original.</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
An "original" of a writing or recording is the writing or recording
itself or any counterpart intended to have the same effect by a person
executing or issuing it. An "original" of a photograph oincludes the
negative or any print therefrom. If data are stored in a computer or similar
device, any printout or other output readable by sight, shown to reflect the
data accurately, is an "original". <br>
<i>(4) Duplicate.</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
A "duplicate" is a counterpart produced by the same impression as the
original, or from the same matrix, or by means of photography, including
enlargements and miniatures, or by mechanical or electronic re-recording, or by
chemical reproduction, or by other equivalent techniques which accurately
reproduces the original. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 1002. Requirement of Original<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=1002></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>To prove the content of a writing, recording, or
photograph, the original writing, recording, or photograph is required, except
as otherwise provided in these rules or by Act of Congress. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 1003. Admissibility of Duplicates<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=1003></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>A duplicate is admissible to the same extent as
an original unless (1) a genuine question is raised as to the authenticity of
the original or (2) in the circumstances it would be unfair to admit the duplicate
in lieu of the original. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 1004. Admissibility of Other Evidence of Contents<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=1004></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>The original is not required, and other evidence
of the contents of a writing, recording, or photograph is admissible if-- <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'><i>(1) Originals lost or destroyed.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
All originals are lost or have been destroyed, unless the proponent lost or
destroyed them in bad faith; or <br>
<i>(2) Original not obtainable.</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
No original can be obtained by any available judicial process or procedure; or <br>
<i>(3) Original in possession of opponent.</i></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
At a time when an original was under the control of the party against whom
offered, that party was put on notice, by the pleadings or otherwise, that the
contents would be a subject of proof at the hearing, and that party does not
produce the original at the hearing; or <br>
<i>(4) Collateral matters.</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><br>
The writing, recording, or photograph is not closely related to a controlling
issue. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 1005. Public Records<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=1005></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>The contents of an official record, or of a
document authorized to be recorded or filed and actually recorded or filed,
including data compilations in any form, if otherwise admissible, may be proved
by copy, certified as correct in accordance with rule 902 or testified to be
correct by a witness who has compared it with the original. If a copy which
complies with the foregoing cannot be obtained by the exercise of reasonable
diligence, then other evidence of the contents may be given. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 1006. Summaries<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=1006></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>The contents of voluminous writings, recordings,
or photographs which cannot conveniently be examined in court may be presented
in the form of a chart, summary, or calculation. The originals, or duplicates,
shall be made available for examination or copying, or both, by other parties
at reasonable time and place. The court may order that they be produced in
court. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 1007. Testimony or Written Admission of Party<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=1007></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Contents of writings, recordings, or photographs
may be proved by the testimony or deposition of the party against whom offered
or by that party's written admission, without accounting for the nonproduction
of the original. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 1008. Functions of Court and Jury<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=1008></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>When the admissibility of other evidence of
contents of writings, recordings, or photographs under these rules depends upon
the fulfillment of a condition of fact, the question whether the condition has
been fulfilled is ordinarily for the court to determine in accordance with the
provisions of rule 104. However, when an issue is raised (a) whether the
asserted writing ever existed, or (b) whether another writing, recording, or
photograph produced at the trial is the original, or (c) whether other evidence
of contents correctly reflects the contents, the issue is for the trier of fact
to determine as in the case of other issues of fact. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style='background:#DDDDFF'><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>ARTICLE XI:
MISCELLANEOUS RULES<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div style='border:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;padding:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt;
background:white'>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 1101. Applicability of Rules<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=1101></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'><b>(a) Courts and judges</b></span><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
These rules apply to the United States district courts, the District Court of
Guam, the District Court of the Virgin Islands, the Disrict Court for the
Northern Mariana Islands, the United States courts of appeals, the United
States Claims Court, and to the United States bankruptcy judges and United
States magistrate judges, in the actions, cases, and proceedings and to the
extent hereinafter set forth. The terms "judge" and "court"
in these rules include United States bankruptcy judges and United States
magistrate judges. <br>
<b>(b) Proceedings generally.</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
These rules apply generally to civil actions and proceedings, including
admiralty and maritime cases, to criminal cases and proceedings, to contempt
proceedings except those in which the court may act summarily, and to
proceedings and cases under title 11, United States Code. <br>
<b>(c) Rule of privilege</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
The rule with respect to privileges applies at all stages of all actions,
cases, and proceedings. <br>
<b>(d) Rules inapplicable</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
The rules (other than with respect to privileges) do not apply in the following
situations: <br>
<i>(1) Preliminary questions of fact</i></span><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>.<br>
The determination of questions of fact preliminary to admissibility of evidence
when the issue is to be determined by the court under rule 104. <br>
<i>(2) Grand jury</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Proceedings before grand juries. <br>
<i>(3) Miscellaneous proceedings</i></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
Proceedings for extradition or rendition; preliminary examinations in criminal
cases; sentencing, or granting or revoking probation; issuance of warrants for
arrest, criminal summonses, and search warrants; and proceedings with respect
to release on bail or otherwise. <br>
<b>(e) Rules applicable in part</b></span><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>.<br>
In the following proceedings these rules apply to the extent that matters of
evidence are not provided for in the statutes which govern procedure therein or
in other rules prescribed by the Supreme Court pursuant to statutory authority:
the trial of misdemeanors and other petty offenses before United States
magistrate judge; review of agency actions when the facts are subject to trail
de novo under section 706(2)(F) of title 5, United States Code; review of
orders of the Secretary of Agriculture under section 2 of the Act entitled
"An Act to authorize association of producers of agricultural
products" approved February 18, 1922 (7 U.S.C. 292), and under section 6
and 7(c) of the Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act, 1930 (7 U.S.C. 499f,
499g(c)); naturalization and revocation of naturalization under sections 310 -
318 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1421 - 1429); prize
proceedings in admiralty under sections 7651 - 7681 of title 10, United States
Code; review of orders of the Secretary of the Interior under section 2 of the
Act entitled "An Act authorizing associations of producers of aquatic
products" approved June 25, 1934 (15 U.S.C. 522); review of orders of
petroleum control boards under section 5 of the Act entitled "An act to
regulate interstate and foreign commerce in petroleum and its products by
prohibiting the shipment in such commerce of petroleum and its products
produced in violation of State law, and for other purposes", approved
February 22, 1935 (15 U.S.C. 715d); actions for fines, penalties, or
forfeitures under part V of title IV of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1581
- 1624), or under the Anti-Smuggling Act (19 U.S.C. 1701 - 1711); criminal
libel for condemnation, exclusion of imports, or other proceedings under the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 - 392); disputes between
seamen under sections 4079, 4080, and 4081 of the Revised Statutes (22 U.S.C.
256 - 258); habeas corpus under sections 2241 - 2254 of title 28, United States
Code; motions to vacate, set aside or correct sentence under section 2255 of
title 28, United States Code; actions for penalties for refusal to transport
destitute seamen under section 4578 of the Revised Statutes (46 U.S.C. 679);
actions against the United States under the Act entitled "An Act
authorizing suits against the United States in admiralty for damage caused by
and salvage service rendered to public vessels belonging to the United States,
and for other purposes", approved March 3, 1925 (46 U.S.C. 781 - 790), as
implemented by section 7730 of title 10, United States Code. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 1102. Amendments<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=1102></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Amendments to the Federal Rules of Evidence may
be made as provided in section 2072 of title 28 of the United States Code. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><span style='font-family:
Helvetica'>Rule 1103. Title<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="desc" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:8.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:8.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;border:none;mso-border-alt:dotted #71490E 3.0pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt 8.0pt'><a name=1103></a><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>These rules may be known and cited as the Federal
Rules of Evidence. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
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