When to use this manual:
This manual should be used when the cataloger is cataloging a group of materials that would benefit more from a collective or group description, than a single-item (more book-like) approach. It may have a finding aid or may not. The cataloger will have to make this decision, always noting that if a "list" or finding aid is necessary to fully describe the items to assist the reader to call for the proper materials, a finding aid should be produced. The cataloger should also be aware that the materials are end-processed with labels that are generated using the cataloging records produced. If item numbers are assigned to a small collection, but there is no finding aid, then the end-processing section will have no way to generate labels. This manual will also be used when a preliminary box-list is produced as a finding aid.
Historical overview:
The first system of on-line cataloging at Harvard was called HULPR, with the public version known as HOLLIS. When this system began, the manuscript community at Harvard did not contribute records. In 1985-1986, Harvard University received a NHPRC grant that sponsored a team of people to create MARC-AMC records for manuscript collections held by the various manuscript repositories at Harvard. These records were put into both RLIN and HULPR. As one of the participating repositories, Houghton had records created for many, but not all of its collections. Rodney Dennis, the curator of manuscripts, selected which collections were to have records, and which were not. The content standard for creating the records for the NHPRC project was based on APPM: Steven Hensen, comp., Archives, Personal Papers, and Manuscripts, (Chicago: Society of American Archivists. 1983).
In the 1990s, the Houghton Manuscript Department staff began to create their own records for newly cataloged materials, using the former project specs as a broad guide to continue to input MARC collection-level records into both RLIN and HULPR. Throughout the 1990s, the staff streamlined these specifications, updating constantly as MARC developed, and combining Houghton historic descriptive practice where necessary. One of the MARC changes that produced a major difference for the US manuscript community came during “format integration” when archivists could, for the first time, pick the form of the MARC template most appropriate for cataloging based on the primary “type” of material being cataloged. Prior to format integration, all our MARC records were in the AMC-MARC format (which is now referred to as the “mixed format”).
Between 2001-2006, the Manuscript Department conducted a complete retrospective conversion of all Houghton finding aids, which entailed updating or creating new MARC records for collections previously left-out or insufficiently described during the 1985 NHPRC project. At the close of this project, we had MARC records and finding aids for 100% of Houghton’s cataloged collections. However, it should be mentioned that during this project, the Harvard Theater Collection (HTC) paper cataloging records were NOT fully converted into online records. Only some of the HTC’s finding aids were converted, and many collections were still uncataloged.
Other noteworthy dates in Houghton manuscript cataloging are:
2002 July, Harvard converted its cataloging system from HULPR to Aleph, leaving the public version still called HOLLIS.
2004, APPM was revised to DACS: Describing Archives: A Content Standard. (Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2004)
2005 spring, RLIN converted to the RLIN21 system, with the public version known as Eureka.
2005 September, Manuscript Department was reorganized to form a unit within the Department of Technical Services, called the Manuscript Section.
2006-2007, the RLIN21 system was merged with OCLC
2007 January, Manuscript Section at Houghton stopped cataloging directly into RLIN; Harvard's RLIN records were completely moved into the new OCLC
2013-2014, Another review/updating of the collection-level manual was completed with incorporation of a revised DACS.
Houghton also inputs single-item manuscript MARC records into Aleph/HOLLIS, and guidelines for creating those type of MARC records can be found in: Single-item Manuscript Cataloging Manual, Dept. of Technical Services, Manuscript Section, Houghton Library, 2013. A retrospective cataloging project was completed regarding the single items held at Houghton (NOTE: some classes will remain uncataloged due to language specialty limitations of our staff. These will be addressed as language specialists are available. Also HTC single items were not cataloged during this project and are yet to be done as of 2014).